Atoms

Atoms

Everything is made from atoms, including you. Atoms are tiny. They are too small to see, even with a microscope.

There are over a hundred different types of atoms.

Energy - Source of energy and Gases, liquids and solids

The study of energy begins with the source of energy. Energy is the product of movement and law. Nothing exists without it. It can not be found "below", in the simplest forms of life, or far away on distant planets or stars. It can not be found. It finds you because it created you. It's source is the Triune GOD. Energy comes from above and outside of time. God moved. When He moved so many things happened!

The glory of God is light. His light is a creative law order. He moved, His light came and that is the source of all energy!

God's energy, glory and law order produced heaven and earth. Matter was created. Matter can be a gas, liquid or solid. But always remember that God is the "Source" and the "heavy weight". He is the energy that created and defined the weight of matter and everything else.

With that said let's start today's lesson:

Atom

• Atoms are believed to be the smallest unit of an element
  
• Atoms move
• Atoms produce a magnetic field
• Atoms have potential energy
• Atoms are found in different states of matter (gases, liquids, solids)

1.Gases

• Gases can be seen or unseen
• Gases can have an odor or be odorless
  
• Gases move and do not keep their shape. They spread out and change their shape and volume to fill up whatever container they are in.
• Gases can be squashed.
• Heating a liquid can turn it into a gas.
• Cooling a gas can turn it into a liquid.
  
  Examples of gases

air is full of atoms.

Helium gas atoms make balloons float.

2. Liquids

• Liquids move and are fluid and can be poured easily. They are not easy to hold.
• Liquids change their shape depending on the container they are in.
• Even when liquids change their shape, they always take up the same amount of space. Their volume stays the same.
• Heating a liquid can turn it into a gas.
• Cooling a liquid can turn it into a solid.
• Heating a solid can turn it into a liquid.
• Cooling a gas can turn it into a liquid.

Examples of liquids

3. Solids

• The atoms or molecules that compose the solid are packed closely together. They still are moving.
  
• Solids stay in one place and can be held.
• Solids maintains a fixed volume and shape. They do not flow like liquids. They do not spread out like gases.
• Solids can be cut or shaped.
• Solids have thermal energy, their atoms vibrate. However, this movement is very small, and cannot be observed or felt under ordinary conditions.
• Heating some solids can turn them into liquids.
• Cooling a liquid can turn it into a solid.

Examples of solids

grains of salt and logs of wood

Worksheet Quiz

Energy - Source of energy and Characteristics of materials

The study of energy begins with the source of energy. Energy is the product of movement and law. Nothing exists without it. It can not be found "below", in the simplest forms of life, or far away on distant planets or stars. It can not be found. It finds you because it created you. It's source is the Triune GOD. Energy comes from above and outside of time. God moved. The glory of God is light. His light is a creative law order. He moved, His light came and that is the source of all energy!

God's energy, glory and law order produced heaven and earth. Matter and measures were created. Matter has different "measures". But always remember that God is the "Source" and the "heavy weight". He is the energy that created and defined the "measure" of matter and everything else.

With that said let's start today's lessons found at BBC Schools:

1. Material properties

Materials have different properties that make them useful for different jobs. Here are some properties that materials have.

• Transparent or opaque
  Transparent materials do let light through (you can see through them). Opaque materials do not let any light through (you cannot see through them).

• Waterproof
  Waterproof materials do not let water through and do not soak up water.

• Strong
  Strong materials are very difficult to break.

• Flexible
  Flexible materials are easy to bend.

• Hard
  Hard materials are difficult to scratch.

• Magnetic
  Magnetic materials are attracted to magnets.

• Conductors
  Some materials are good conductors of heat. This means heat can travel through them easily. Some materials are good conductors of electricity. This means electricity can travel through them easily.

2. Metals

• Metals come from rocks called ores.
• They are strong, hard and shiny materials that can be hammered into different shapes without breaking.
• Many metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
• Some metals are magnetic. Iron is the most magnetic metal. Steel is also magnetic because it is made of mostly iron.
• Their properties make them useful for objects such as cutlery, saucepans, cars and coins.

3. Plastics

• Plastics are materials that are not found naturally but are made from chemicals.
• They are strong and waterproof, and can be made into any shape or colour. Many plastics can be made transparent.
• They are not magnetic and do not conduct heat or electricity.
• Plastics are used to make all sorts of things such as plastic bags, plastic bottles and toys.

4. Glass

• Glass is made by melting sand.
• It is normally transparent and can be made into many different shapes.
• Thick glass can be strong, but thin glass will break very easily.
• Glass is used for objects that need to be transparent such as windows and spectacles.

5. Wood

• Wood comes from trees.
• It is strong, flexible and long lasting.
• Wood is used to make things such as furniture that need to be strong and last a long time.

6. Fabrics

• Fabrics are made from thin fibres woven together.
• Some fabrics, such as wool, cotton and silk, are natural (the fibres come from living things). Some fabrics, such as polyester and nylons are made from synthetic fibres, which are made in factories, from chemicals.
• Different fabrics have different properties. Fabrics can be stretchy (a pair of tights), insulating (keep you warm, like a woollen coat) or absorbent (a towel).
• Fabrics are used to make clothes as they are flexible and comfortable, can be warm and do not wear out easily.

Worksheet Quiz

Energy - Source of energy and Measures

The study of energy begins with the source of energy. Energy is the product of movement and law. Nothing exists without it. It can not be found "below", in the simplest forms of life, or far away on distant planets or stars. It can not be found. It finds you because it created you. It's source is the Triune GOD. Energy comes from above and outside of time. God moved. The glory of God is light. His light is a creative law order. He moved, His light came and that is the source of all energy!

God's energy, glory and law order produced heaven and earth. Matter and measures were created. Matter has different "measures". But always remember that God is the "Source" and the "heavy weight". He is the energy that created and defined the "measure" of matter and everything else.

With that said let's start today's lessons found at BBC Schools:

1. Measuring length

• Length is a measure of how long or wide something is.
  Rulers and tape measures can be used to measure length.
• Length is measured in millimetres (mm), centimetres (cm),
  metres (m) or kilometres (km). These are known as
  metric units of length.
  1 cm = 10 mm
  1 m = 100 cm
  1 km = 1000 m
• Estimating length
  1 cm is about the width of a staple
  1 m is about the width of a single bed
• Miles, feet and inches are old units of length. These are
  known as imperial units of length but are not now
  commonly used in maths.
  There are 12 inches in a foot.
  An inch is roughly equal to 2.5 centimetres.
  A foot is roughly equal to 30 centimetres.
  A mile is roughly equal to 1.5 kilometres.

2. Measuring mass

• Mass is a measure of how heavy something is. Scales can
  be used to measure mass.
• Mass is measured in grams (g), kilograms (kg)
  and tonnes. These are known as metric units of mass.
  1 kg = 1000 g
  1 tonne = 1000 kg
• Estimating mass
  100g is about the mass of a small apple.
  1 kg is the mass of a bag of sugar or a litre of water.
• Ounces and pounds are old units of mass. These are
  known as imperial units but are not now commonly used in maths.
  There are 16 ounces in a pound.
  An ounce is roughly equal to 25 grams.
  A pound (454g) is equal to just under half a kilogram (500 g).s

3. Measuring capacity

• Capacity or volume is a measure of how much space
  something takes up. Measuring spoons or measuring
  jugs can be used to measure capacity.
• Capacity is measured in millilitres (ml) and litres (l).
  1 l = 1000 ml
• Estimating capacity
  5 ml is about the capacity of a teaspoon.
  1 l is about the capacity of a large carton of fruit juice.
• Pints and gallons are old units of capacity (imperial units).
  There are 8 pints in a gallon.
  A pint is equal to just over half a litre.
  A gallon is roughly equal to 4.5 litres.

4. Reading scales

To read a scale, first work out how much each mark or division
on the scale represents.

5. 12-hour and 24-hour time

• am is morning time (all times between 12 midnight and
  12 midday).
• pm is afternoon and evening time (all times between 12
  midday and 12 midnight).
• This is an analogue or a 12-hour clock. An analogue clock
  is one with a face and hands. It is showing the time
  twenty past five.
  
  If it were twenty past five in the morning, it would
  be written as 5:20 am.
  If it were twenty past five in the afternoon, it would
  be written as 5:20 pm.
• These are digital or 24-hour clocks. They are also
  showing the times twenty past five.
  
• The 24-hour time is the same as the analogue time in the
  morning (except for the 0 at the beginning for numbers
  under 10). So 8:45 am becomes 08:45.
• But in the afternoon, you need to add 12 to convert an
  analogue time to a 24-hour time. So 8.45 pm
  becomes 20.45.
• Midday on a 24-hour clock is shown as 12:00.
• Midnight on a 24-hour clock is shown as 00:00.

6. Units of time

• 1 minute = 60 seconds
• 1 hour = 60 minutes
• 1 day = 24 hours
• 1 week = 7 days
• 1 fortnight = 14 days
• 1 year = 12 months = 52 weeks = 365 days
• 1 leap year = 366 days
• Remember "30 days has September, April, June and
  November. All the rest have 31. Except for February
  alone, which has 28 days clear but 29 each leap year."

Worksheet QUIZ

Energy - Source of energy and Changing state

The study of energy begins with the source of energy. Energy is the product of movement and law. Nothing exists without it. It can not be found "below", in the simplest forms of life, or far away on distant planets or stars. It can not be found. It finds you because it created you. It's source is the Triune GOD. Energy comes from above and outside of time. God moved. The glory of God is light. His light is a creative law order. He moved, His light came and that is the source of all energy!

God's energy, glory and law order produced heaven and earth. Matter was created. Matter has different "states". But always remember that God is the "Source" and the "heavy weight". He is the energy that created and defined the weight of matter and everything else.

With that said let's start today's lessons found at BBC Schools:

Changing State:

1. States of matter

• Nearly everything exists as solids, liquids or gases. Solids, liquids and gases are called the three states of matter.
• Materials can be changed from one state to another by heating or cooling.
• If ice (solid) is heated, it changes to water (liquid). This change is called melting.
• If water (liquid) is heated, it changes to water vapour (gas). This change is called evaporation.
• If water vapour (gas) is cooled, it changes to water (liquid). This change is called condensing.
• If water (liquid) is cooled, it changes to ice (solid). This change is called freezing.

2. The water cycle

Water on the earth is constantly moving. It is recycled over and over again. This recycling process is called the water cycle.

a. Water evaporates into the air
The sun heats up water on land, and in rivers, lakes and seas and turns it into water vapour. The water vapour rises into the air.

b. Water vapour condenses into clouds
Water vapour in the air cools down and changes back into tiny drops of liquid water, forming clouds.

c. Water falls as rain
The clouds get heavy and water falls back to the earth in the form of rain or snow.

d. Water returns to the sea
Rain water runs over the land and collects in lakes or rivers, which take it back to the sea. The cycle starts all over again.

QUIZ

E = mc ² :

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, E = mc ².

Primary - Energy Primer: Light and Dark

Click HERE for an energy info-book for children.

Genesis 1
4 And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided the light from the darkness.

5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day.

Light and Dark

Worksheet

Quiz

Energy Primer - Potential and Kinetic

Potential energy is energy that is stored in an object.

Kinetic energy is energy of motion.

John 1

1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

2 The same was in the beginning with God.

3 All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men.

Genesis 1

1 In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth.

2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.

3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.